Federal Climate Policy: Design Principles & Remaining Needs

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Contact: Jan Wilkerson
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Support for this invitation-only forum is made possible by AMS Policy Program underwriters: ITT, Lockheed Martin, and Raytheon.

Meet the speakers

Joe Aldy Fellow, Resources For The Future. Joe Aldy's research addresses questions about climate change policy, mortality risk valuation, energy subsidies to low-income households, and energy policy. He has studied the design of international climate change policy architectures; the costs, effectiveness, and principles of emissions trading programs and other mitigation policies; and the relationship between economic development and greenhouse gas emissions. His research on mortality risk valuation focuses on how individuals' willingness to pay to reduce such risk varies over their lifetime. He has also evaluated how heating subsidies to low-income households can mitigate the effects of wintertime weather and energy price shocks on mortality among the elderly. Aldy served on the staff of the President's Council of Economic Advisers from 1997 to 2000, where he was responsible for an array of environmental and resource issues. While there, he focused on climate change policy, air quality regulations, petroleum markets, electricity restructuring, hazardous waste policy, environmental issues in China, and sustainable development.

Vicki Arroyo Vicki Arroyo is the Director of Policy Analysis for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change, a position she has held since the Pew Center’s inception in 1998.  She directs the Pew Center’s domestic program, including developing Pew Center policy positions and overseeing the Center’s analytical work on domestic policy issues, economics, and science/environmental impacts.  Ms. Arroyo also served as Managing Editor of the Pew Center’s book:  Climate Change: Science, Strategies, and Solutions.

Ms. Arroyo has had over 20 years of experience in the environmental field.  Prior to joining the Center, she practiced environmental law with Washington, DC office of Kilpatrick Stockton from 1994 to 1998 where she represented clients on a variety of air quality, Superfund, and other environmental issues.  She served in two offices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency -- overseeing development of air toxics standards in the Office of Air and Radiation from 1987 to 1988, and reviewing development of criteria air pollutant regulations in the Office of Research and Development from 1993 to 1994.  

From 1988 to 1991 Ms. Arroyo was the Director of Policy Analysis for the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality, also serving as Governor Roemer’s environmental adviser for some of that period. She has worked on emergency response issues for the National Institute for Chemical Studies in Charleston, West Virginia; as a town planner in Braintree, Massachusetts; as an environmental technician monitoring oil-spill clean-up in the Gulf of Mexico; and as an intern for National Audubon Society’s Capitol Hill office.

Ms. Arroyo holds a Bachelor of Science degree in biology, magna cum laude, from Emory University (double major in philosophy); a Masters of Public Administration from Harvard University, where she received the top award in her program for “academic achievement and commitment to public service,” and a Juris Doctor degree, magna cum laude from Georgetown University Law Center, where she served as Editor-in-Chief of the Georgetown International Environmental Law Review.

Ms. Arroyo has written and spoken extensively on issues of climate policy and serves on the Editorial Board of the Climate Policy Journal and on the Board of Governors of Emory University’s Alumni Association.  She has also taught courses in environmental policy and climate change at Catholic University of America and George Mason University's School of Public Policy.

Paul Baer is an interdisciplinary scholar-activist with expertise in ecological economics, ethics, philsophy of science, risk analysis, and simulation modeling, specializing in climate science and policy. He completed his PhD in 2005 at UC Berkeley’s Energy and Resources Group; his dissertation examined the interconnection between equity, risk and scientific uncertainty, three topics at the heart of the climate problem. He also has a BA in Economics from Stanford University and a Masters in Environmental Planning and Management from Louisiana State University. He recently completed a post-doctoral research fellowship at Stanford University’s Center for Environmental Science and Policy, addressing the interaction of climate change and forest fire in Alaska. He is currently the Research Director for EcoEquity, a climate-advocacy organization he co-founded in 2000 with Tom Athanasiou, with whom he also co-authored the 2002 book “Dead Heat: Global Justice and Global Warming (Seven Stories Press).

Scott Barrett is Professor of Environmental Economics and International Political Economy at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, where he also directs the International Policy Program. He is the author of Environment and Statecraft: The Strategy of Environmental Treaty-Making (Oxford University Press 2005) and numerous research and policy papers on climate change. He has also advised a number of international bodies on the subject, including different agencies of the United Nations, the European Commission, the OECD and, most recently, the International Task Force on Global Public Goods. He was a lead author of the second assessment report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and was previously a member of the Academic Panel of Environmental Economists to the UK’s Department of Environment. He received his PhD in economics from the London School of Economics. His latest book, Why Cooperate? The Incentive to Supply Global Public Goods, will be published by Oxford University Press this summer.

Bruce Braine Bruce Braine is Vice President of Strategic Policy Analysis for American Electric Power Service (AEP), focusing on analysis of federal and state energy and environmental policy, as well as analysis and development of long-term environmental and energy strategy. Braine joined AEP in 1997 as senior vice president of analysis for AEP Energy Services, an AEP subsidiary. He was previously a principal in the Washington, D.C., economic and management consulting firm Putnam, Hayes & Bartlett. He also served as a senior vice president at ICF-Kaiser International, where he directed ICF's $6 million electric utility consulting unit. He serves on the Electric Power Research Institute's Global Climate Change Committee, the Chicago Climate Exchange and the International Emissions Trading Association. Braine received a bachelor's degree from Brown University and a master's degree in business administration from Stanford University, graduating from Stanford's Public Management Program.

Bill Chameides Chameides became dean of the Nicholas School in 2007. Previously he was chief scientist at Environmental Defense and before that Regents Professor and Smithgall Chair at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, a recipient of the American Geophysical Union's Macelwane Award, and, in recognition of extraordinary service,he was named a National Associate of the National Academies. As a scientist, Chameides' research focuses on elucidating the coupled chemical, physical, and biological processes that shape our environment, and thereby help to identify pathways toward a sustainable future. He has authored or co-authored more than 130 scientific publications, and 6 books.

Richard Cooper Richard N. Cooper is Maurits C. Boas Professor of International Economics at Harvard University. He has written extensively on questions of international economic policy, including The Economics of Interdependence (1968), Economic Policy in an Interdependent World (1986), The International Monetary System (1987), Can Nations Agree? (with others, 1989), Economic Stabilization and Debt in Developing Countries (1992), Boom, Crisis, and Adjustment: Macroeconomic Management in Developing Countries (with others, 1993), Macroeconomic Policy and Adjustment in Korea, 1970-1990 (with others, 1994), and Environment and Resource Policies for the World Economy (1994), as well as over three hundred articles. In 1990-92 he was chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. From 1963-77 he was professor of economics and Provost (1972-74) of Yale University. He has served on several occasions in the U.S. government, as Chairman of the National Intelligence Council (1995-97), Under-Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (1977-1981), Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Monetary Affairs (1965-66), and senior staff economist at the Council of Economic Advisers (1961-63). He was educated at Oberlin College (B.A., 1956), the London School of Economics (M.Sc., 1958), and Harvard University (Ph.D., 1962).

Herman E. Daly Dr. Daly came to the Maryland School of Public Affairs from the World Bank, where he was Senior Economist in the Environment Department, helping to develop policy guidelines related to sustainable development. While there, he was engaged in environmental operations work in Latin America. Before joining the World Bank, Daly was Alumni Professor of Economics at Louisiana State University. He is a co-founder and associate editor of the journal, Ecological Economics. His interest in economic development, population, resources, and environment has resulted in over a hundred articles as well as numerous books, including Steady-State Economics (1977; 1991), Valuing the Earth (1993), Beyond Growth (1996), and Ecological Economics and the Ecology of Economics (1999). He is co-author with theologian John B. Cobb, Jr. of For the Common Good (1989; 1994) which received the Grawemeyer Award for ideas for improving World Order. He is a recipient of the Honorary Right Livelihood Award (Sweden's alternative to the Nobel Prize), the Heineken Prize for Environmental Science from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Sophie Prize (Norway).

Mark MacLeod Director, Special Projects Climate & Air Program, Envrionmental Defense. Mark MacLeod works to reduce harmful air emissions and stabilize the concentration of greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. He serves on several EPA Advisory Committees.

Background: M.S., Natural Resources and M.A., Public Policy, Ohio State University; M.S., Economics, University of Wyoming. Policy Director, Texas Senate Interim Committee on Electric Utility Restructuring (1997-1998); Assistant Director, Office of Policy Development, Texas Public Utility Commission (1995-1997).

Gilbert E. Metcalf is a Professor of Economics at Tufts University and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. Metcalf has taught at Princeton University and the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and has served as a Visiting Scholar at the Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change at MIT. He has served as a consultant to various organizations including the Chinese Ministry of Finance, the U.S. Department of the Treasury, and Argonne National Laboratory. Metcalf's primary research area is applied public finance with particular interests in taxation, energy, and environmental economics. His current research focuses on policy evaluation and design in the area of energy and climate change. He has published papers in numerous academic journals, has edited two books, and has contributed chapters to several books on tax policy. Metcalf received a B.A. in Mathematics from Amherst College, an M.S. in Agricultural and Resource Economics from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, and a Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University.

Chris Miller Congressional Staff, Office of Senator Harry Reid

Richard Morgenstern, Senior Fellow, Resources for the Future Morgenstern's research focuses on the economic analysis of environmental issues with an emphasis on the costs, benefits, evaluation, and design of environmental policies, especially economic incentive measures. His analysis also focuses on climate change, including the design of cost-effective policies to reduce emissions in the United States and abroad.

Immediately prior to joining RFF, Morgenstern was senior economic counselor to the undersecretary for global affairs at the U.S. Department of State, where he participated in negotiations for the Kyoto Protocol. Previously he served at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, where he acted as deputy administrator (1993); assistant administrator for policy, planning, and evaluation (1991-93); and director of the Office of Policy Analysis (1983-95). Formerly a tenured professor at the City University of New York, Morgenstern has taught recently at Oberlin College, the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Yeshiva University, and American University. He has served on expert committees of the National Academy of Sciences and as a consultant to various organizations.

Rafe Pomerance is a founder and President of the Climate Policy Center. From 1993-1999, he served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Environment and Development. Prior to joining the State Department, he spent eight years as a Senior Associate at the World Resources Institute. From 1975 to 1984, Mr. Pomerance was on the staff of Friends of the Earth, including four years as President. He began his work on climate change in 1978 while at Friends of the Earth. From 1973-1977, Mr. Pomerance was the coordinator of the National Clean Air Coalition. He was a founder and Chairman of the Board of American Rivers, and has also served as Chairman of the Board of the League of Conservation Voters. Mr. Pomerance earned a BA in History from Cornell University.

Brent Yacobucci is a Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy with the Congressional Research Service. He provides research and analysis for Members of Congress and their staffs on energy and environmental issues such as alternative fuels, advanced vehicle technologies, vehicle emissions standards, and climate change. He has authored reports for Congress and journal articles on topics such as U.S. climate change legislation, the energy balance of fuel ethanol, and U.S. ethanol imports from Brazil and other countries. Brent received his Bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology and his Master’s degree in Science, Technology, and Public Policy from George Washington University. Previously he worked with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Federal Energy Technology Center and the Alliance to Save Energy. He was also an intern with the U.S. Embassy in Lomé, Togo. He lives in Arlington, Virginia with his wife and daughter.

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